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The risk of consequent nephropathy following initial weight loss in diabetic patients treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.

The Cardiovascular Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan. s851047@hotmail.com. College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. s851047@hotmail.com. Microscopy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. s851047@hotmail.com. Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan. The Cardiovascular Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan. The Cardiovascular Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan. taipei.chu@gmail.com. College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. taipei.chu@gmail.com.

Cardiovascular diabetology. 2021;(1):167
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Abstract

BACKGROUND There is a controversy over the association between obesity and the risk of renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, whether body weight (BW) loss following sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment associated with risk of adverse renal events is unknown. METHODS We used medical data from a multi-center healthcare provider in Taiwan, enrolling 8992 T2DM patients with a baseline/following-up BW data available after around 12 weeks of SGLT2i treatment, from June 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Patients were followed up until the occurrence of composite renal outcome (estimated glomerular filtration rate decline > 40% or end-stage kidney disease) or the end of study period, whichever occurred first. RESULTS Participants were divided into six baseline BMI categories: < 18.5 (n = 55); 18.5-22.9 (n = 985); 23.0-24.9 (n = 1389); 25.0-29.9 (n = 3941); 30.0-34.9 (n = 1973); and ≥ 35.0 kg/m2 (n = 649). There were 38.9%, 23.5%, 24.7%, 8.4%, 2.7%, and 1.8% of patients experienced no-BW loss, initial BW loss of 0.0-2.4%, 2.5-4.9%, 5.0-7.4%, 7.5-9.9%, and ≥ 10.0%, associated with SGLT2i treatment, respectively. Compared with patients with normal BMI (BMI: 18.5-22.9 kg/m2), underweight (BMI: < 18.5 kg/m2) was associated with a higher risk of composite renal outcome (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)]: 2.17; [1.16-4.04]), whereas pre-obese (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) associated with the lowest risk of composite renal outcome (0.52; [0.40-0.68]) after multivariate adjustment. Compared with those without BW loss after SGLT2i treatment, BW loss of 0.0-2.4% (0.55; [0.43-0.70]) and 2.5-4.9% (0.78; [0.63-0.98]) were associated with a lower risk, whereas BW loss ≥ 10.0% associated with a higher risk of composite renal outcome (1.61; [1.06-2.46]) after multivariate adjustment. CONCLUSION A modest BW loss of 0-5% associated with SGLT2i treatment was associated with a favorable renal outcome. Caution should be taken for whom are underweight at baseline or have a pronounced BW loss ≥ 10.0% associated with SGLT2i treatment, which was associated with a worse renal outcome.

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